Matthias Händler: Phänomenologie, Semiotik und Bildbegriff: Eine kritische Diskussion (Teil 1)
Matthias Händler: Phänomenologie, Semiotik und Bildbegriff: Eine kritische Diskussion (Teil 2)
Sandy Rücker: McLuhans global village und Enzensbergers Netzestadt – Untersuchung und Vergleich der Metaphern
Martina Sauer: Affekte und Emotionen als Grundlage von Weltverstehen. Zur Tragfähigkeit des kulturanthropologischen Ansatzes Ernst Cassirers in den Bildwissenschaften
Jakob Sauerwein: Das Bewusstsein im Schlaf – Über die Funktion von Klarträumen
This paper aims at a discussion of Lambert Wiesing’s phenomenological picture theory. First, it presents Wiesing’s position in detail. It subsequently goes on to show the weaknesses and (terminological) problems of this kind of picture theory with the help of semiotic science and communication science. Moving on from this discussion the essay tries to develop a thesis to answer the question »What is a picture?«. It introduces the claim that a picture’s perception and recognition, understood to be a symbolic medium of communication, necessarily needs to be conducted in fictionality’s manner of reception. This means that the »how« of the visual presentation forces the viewer to confront the visual object in a »pretend as if«-attitude in order to enable him/ her to recognize it as a picture. Even though the observer knows that the recognized visual object is not a real object, he talks about it as if it would be one. Still, he does not treat it like a real object. The way the picture-object is depicted, determines the communication and the treatment of the picture’s representation, or in other words: a picture’s references to fictionality make its observer treat the picture-object like a fictitious construct though he knows that this is actually not the case like, for example, in a live broadcast on television.
Due to the rapid development in the field of media in the recent decades and because of the resulting global networking, many metaphors have been and are still created which describe these contexts. This article contrasts two of these metaphors, namely Marshall McLuhan’s famous global village and Hans Magnus Enzenberger’s Netzestadt. First, both metaphors will be investigated separately and after that they will be compared. It will be worked out in which publications and in which contexts the metaphors are used in each case, to which they relate and how they are connotated. It turns out that – although both metaphors have been coined in the context of media and the linguistic material is similar – there are differences alone because of the temporal distance of nearly 40 years which is between the two metaphor creations: Because of the time, behind McLuhan’s metaphor is still an electronic net which has changed into a digital at Enzensberger.
Affects and emotions seam to be more essential for an understanding of world than assumed. The apperception is given distinction by them, Cassirer said. Coherent to Cassirer and the acutal debate of anthropolocial reserach work on image theory it can be shown that also the apperception and the production of an image especially of art base on them and put the so formed evidence up for discussion.
A Dream is one of the phenomenons, everybody is able to experience. Dreaming connects the mankind, regardless of ethnological and cultural surroundings. Nevertheless not every Dreamer knows about the possibility of transferring the normal dream into a higher state of mind – the lucid dream. Almost everyone is able to reach this state of consciousness while dreaming. It´s possible to overcome the wellknown passivity of a dream and turn it into a conscious, active state of dreaming. The full amount of human creativity can unfold there. What normal dreams can be used for, was shown by the analyses of Freud and Jung, who found out, how dreams are influenced by the waking life and vice versa. Their thoughts were usefull for analyzing the human psyche and finding ways to treat neurosis and psychoses. This functions of a normal dream can not be transferred to a lucid dream. The structure and nature of these vivid, active dreams allows a different view on a potential benefit for the waking life.
